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You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally installed if the administrator wishes to add additional functionality.
Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is prompted to examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks should be made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. This procedure involves rebuilding all of FreeBSD from source code. It requires reliable network connectivity, extra disk space, and time, but has advantages for networks and other more complex installations.
It lists various issues resulting from changes in FreeBSD that may affect an upgrade. To use it, you will also need either a fixit. To invoke fixit, simply boot the kern. Some UNIX administration experience is required to use the fixit option. I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time after installing FreeBSD, the kernel loads and probes my hardware, but stops with messages like:.
There is a longstanding problem in the case where the boot disk is not the first disk in the system. In the case where the boot disk is not the first disk in the system, FreeBSD can need some help finding it. There are two common situations here, and in both of these cases, you need to tell FreeBSD where the root filesystem is.
Note that if you have a slave on the primary bus, the above is not necessary and is effectively wrong. If you only had one IDE disk, you would use '1:' instead. Unless instructed otherwise, FreeBSD will use the contents of this file as the default response to the boot: prompt.
Go back into the partition editor and specify the actual geometry of your hard disk. You must reinstall FreeBSD again from the beginning with the correct geometry.
If you are failing entirely in figuring out the correct geometry for your machine, here's a tip: Install a small DOS partition at the beginning of the disk and install FreeBSD after that. The install program will see the DOS partition and try to infer the correct geometry from it, which usually works. This will leave all geometry considerations aside, but is somewhat limiting unless you're never going to run anything other than FreeBSD on a disk.
The mcd 4 driver keeps thinking that it has found a device and this stops my Intel EtherExpress card from working. TXT and disable the probing of the mcd0 and mcd1 devices. Generally speaking, you should only leave the devices that you will be using enabled in your kernel.
There are a couple of possible problems. This program must be run on a absolutely clean system no other drivers must be running , and the program will whine about CARD-Services not being found, but it will continue. The first two can be set in the program, the third is un-settable, and can only be read. Once you have these values, set them in UserConfig and your card will be recognized.
In order to switch between the two connectors, the link flags must be set. Depending on the model of the card, -link0 link1 or -link0 -link1 will choose the correct network connector. You can set these in sysinstall 8 by using the Extra options to ifconfig: field in the network setup screen. The system finds my ed 4 network card, but I keep getting device timeout errors.
Your card is probably on a different IRQ from what is specified in the kernel configuration. Either move the jumper on the card to a hard configuration setting altering the kernel settings if necessary , or specify the IRQ as -1 in UserConfig or? This will tell the kernel to use the soft configuration. You should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at all possible. Older IBM laptops use a non-standard keyboard controller, so you must tell the keyboard driver atkbd0 to go into a special mode which works on the ThinkPads.
Change the atkbd0 'Flags' to 0x4 in UserConfig and it should work fine. Look in the Input Menu for 'Keyboard'. When I try to boot the install floppy, I see the following message and nothing seems to be happening. I cannot enter anything from the keyboard either. Some notebook computers may also have this type of keyboard. If you are still using this kind of hardware, you will see the above message appears when you boot from the CD-ROM or an install floppy.
The command sets for these drives are not compatible with the double-speed CR and CR drives. I'm trying to install from a tape drive but all I get is something like this on the screen:. There's a limitation in the current sysinstall 8 that the tape must be in the drive while sysinstall 8 is started or it won't be detected.
Try again with the tape in the drive the whole time. I've installed FreeBSD onto my system, but it hangs when booting from the hard drive with the message:. The ep 4 device driver appears to be sensitive to probes for other devices that also use address 0x Boot your FreeBSD system by power cycling the machine turn off and on. At the Boot: prompt specify the -c. This will invoke UserConfig see Section 4. Use the disable command to disable the device probes for all devices at address 0x except the ep0 driver.
On exit, your machine should successfully boot FreeBSD. My system can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card. You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 card to be memory mapped at address 0xD, and set the amount of mapped memory to 32K using the Intel supplied softset. This is a known problem, and will hopefully be fixed in the future. Test the backup before starting the installation to make sure it contains all of the needed files.
If FreeBSD will be the only operating system installed, this step can be skipped. In the i and amd64 architectures, disks can be divided into multiple partitions using one of two partitioning schemes. For historical reasons, FreeBSD calls these primary partition slices.
One of these primary partitions can be made into an extended partition containing multiple logical partitions. Common GPT implementations allow up to partitions per disk, eliminating the need for logical partitions.
To create a partition without deleting existing data, use a partition resizing tool to shrink an existing partition and create a new partition using the freed space. GParted is also included with many other Linux live CD distributions. When used properly, disk shrinking utilities can safely create space for creating a new partition. Since the possibility of selecting the wrong partition exists, always backup any important data and verify the integrity of the backup before modifying disk partitions.
Disk partitions containing different operating systems make it possible to install multiple operating systems on one computer. An alternative is to use virtualization Virtualization which allows multiple operating systems to run at the same time without modifying any disk partitions. Some FreeBSD installation methods require a network connection in order to download the installation files.
If the network has a DHCP server, it can be used to provide automatic network configuration. If DHCP is not available, the following network information for the system must be obtained from the local network administrator or Internet service provider:.
On very rare occasions those bugs affect the installation process. Check the errata before installing to make sure that there are no problems that might affect the installation. The FreeBSD installer is not an application that can be run from within another operating system. FreeBSD installation files are available at www. For example, to install FreeBSD Installation files are available in several formats. The formats vary depending on computer architecture and media type.
The names of these files include the string uefi. A working Internet connection is required during installation as the installer will download the files it needs to complete the FreeBSD installation. This file should be burned to a CD using a CD burning application. It should be burned to a CD using a CD burning application. It also contains a set of popular binary packages for installing a window manager and some applications so that a complete system can be installed from media without requiring a connection to the Internet.
It should be burned to a USB stick using the instructions below. A working internet connection is required during installation. SHA from the same directory. Calculate a checksum for the image file.
FreeBSD provides sha 1 for this, used as sha imagefilename. Other operating systems have similar programs. The checksums must match exactly.
If the checksums do not match, the image file is corrupt and must be downloaded again. It cannot be copied to the target device as a file. This section describes two of these utilities. Before proceeding, back up any important data on the USB stick. This procedure will erase the existing data on the stick.
Be very careful that the correct device is used as this command will destroy the existing data on the specified target device.
To burn the image using dd , insert the USB stick and determine its device name. Then, specify the name of the downloaded installation file and the device name for the USB stick. If this command fails, verify that the USB stick is not mounted and that the device name is for the disk, not a partition. Some operating systems might require this command to be run with sudo 8. To force all writes to complete, use sync 8.
Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the existing data on the specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed. Double-click the Win32DiskImager icon to start the program.
Verify that the drive letter shown under Device is the drive with the memory stick. Click the folder icon and select the image to be written to the memory stick. Click Save to accept the image file name.
Verify that everything is correct, and that no folders on the memory stick are open in other windows. When everything is ready, click Write to write the image file to the memory stick. By default, the installation will not make any changes to the disk s before the following message:. The install can be exited at any time prior to this warning. This section describes how to boot the system from the installation media which was prepared using the instructions in Prepare the Installation Media.
How to configure the system to boot from the inserted media depends upon the architecture. These architectures provide a BIOS menu for selecting the boot device. Most systems also provide a key for selecting the boot device during startup without having to enter the BIOS. Typically, the key is either F10 , F11 , F12 , or Escape. If the computer loads the existing operating system instead of the FreeBSD installer, then either:.
The installation media was not inserted early enough in the boot process. Leave the media inserted and try restarting the computer. The BIOS changes were incorrect or not saved. Double-check that the right boot device is selected as the first boot device. This system is too old to support booting from the chosen media. On most machines, holding C on the keyboard during boot will boot from the CD.
Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu similar to the following will be displayed:. To pause the boot timer in order to review the selections, press Space. To select an option, press its highlighted number, character, or key.
The following options are available. If the boot timer has been paused, press 1 , upper- or lower-case B , or Enter. Press 2 or the upper- or lower-case S to enter this mode.
Escape to loader prompt : This will boot the system into a repair prompt that contains a limited number of low-level commands. Press 3 or Esc to boot into this prompt.
The boot options menu is divided into two sections. The first section can be used to either return to the main boot menu or to reset any toggled options back to their defaults. The system will always boot using the settings for these options until they are modified.
Several options can be toggled using this menu:. Once the problem is fixed, set it back to Off. Verbose : Toggle this option to On to see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when troubleshooting a piece of hardware. After making the needed selections, press 1 or Backspace to return to the main boot menu, then press Enter to continue booting into FreeBSD.
A series of boot messages will appear as FreeBSD carries out its hardware device probes and loads the installation program.
Once the boot is complete, the welcome menu shown in Welcome Menu will be displayed. Press Enter to select the default of Install to enter the installer. The rest of this chapter describes how to use this installer.
Otherwise, use the right or left arrows or the colorized letter to select the desired menu item. The Shell can be used to access a FreeBSD shell in order to use command line utilities to prepare the disks before installation.
The live version is described in Using the Live CD. To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the upper- or lower-case S and then Enter to access a shell. When finished, type exit to return to the welcome menu. This section shows the order of the bsdinstall menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is installed.
Use the arrow keys to highlight a menu option, then Space to select or deselect that menu item. When finished, press Enter to save the selection and move onto the next screen. Before starting the process, bsdinstall will load the keymap files as show in Keymap Loading. After the keymaps have been loaded bsdinstall displays the menu shown in Keymap Selection Menu.
Use the up and down arrows to select the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached to the system. Press Enter to save the selection.
Pressing Esc will exit this menu and use the default keymap. In addition, when selecting a different keymap, the user can try the keymap and ensure it is correct before proceeding as shown in Keymap Testing Menu.
Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-qualified hostname, such as machine3. Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use of the system and the amount of disk space available. The FreeBSD kernel and userland, collectively known as the base system , are always installed. Depending on the architecture, some of these components may not appear:. The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this option only if sufficient hard disk space is available.
Although not required for the majority of applications, it may be required to build device drivers, kernel modules, or some applications from the Ports Collection.
It is also used for developing FreeBSD itself. It is purely optional and provided only for user convenience. A typical distribution directory for example, the info distribution looks like this internally:. MD5 file contains MD5 signatures for each file, should data corruption be suspected, and is purely for reference.
It is not used by the actual installation and does not need to be copied with the rest of the distribution files. The info. During installation, they are automatically concatenated and extracted by the installation procedure.
When putting distributions onto floppies, the. It contains the MD5 signatures of the unpacked distribution files and can be later used with the mtree 8 program to verify the installation permissions and checksums against any possible modifications to the file.
When used with the base distribution, this can be an excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on your system. Finally, the install. These instructions describe a procedure for doing a binary upgrade from an older version of FreeBSD.
Warning: While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to wipe out your entire disk with this installation!
Please do not accept the final confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any important data files. Important: These notes assume that you are using the version of sysinstall 8 supplied with the version of FreeBSD to which you intend to upgrade. Using a mismatched version of sysinstall 8 is almost guaranteed to cause problems and has been known to leave systems in an unusable state.
The most commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an old copy of sysinstall 8 from an existing installation to upgrade to a newer version of FreeBSD. This is not recommended. The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves standard system configuration data, as well as user data, installed packages and other software.
Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this section in its entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so may result in a failed upgrade or loss of data. Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of the component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to the old distribution are not deleted. System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the previous version of the following files:.
The system administrator may peruse these new versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files are interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all site-specific data from the current files into the new.
In the event that local modifications have been made to other files, they may be subsequently retrieved from this location. This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is given to items which substantially differ from a normal installation.
User data and system configuration should be backed up before upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does its best to prevent accidental mistakes, it is possible to partially or completely destroy data and configuration information.
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