Determination of salinity pdf

Applied spectroscopy. In situ monitoring of nitrate in respect of improvement of accuracy becomes more and more important. The direct spectrophotometer analysis of aqueous nitrates is a simple analytic procedure but prone … Expand.

Mutual influences between synchronous measurement of salinity and sediment concentration. Abstract Accurate synchronous measurement of salinity and sediment concentration has always been a concern for estuarine researchers.

Considering salinity measurement based on electrical conductivity … Expand. Materials Science, Medicine. Characterization of the water uptake and electrolyte uptake of organic coatings and the consequences by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and UV—vis spectroscopy.

Abstract A new method to the investigation of the electrolyte uptake in a coating is presented. By means of UV—vis spectroscopy without nitrogen atmosphere in the region of nm the concentration … Expand. Near-IR spectroscopic measurement of seawater salinity.

The measurements are made using a cuvette or a fiber-optic probe. The models … Expand. The concentrations of NaCl in aqueous solutions have been determined with the use of near-IR spectra between and nm. Models expressing the concentration of NaCl are developed with linear … Expand. An index of refraction algorithm for seawater over temperature, pressure, salinity, density, and wavelength.

Abstract A term index of refraction algorithm for pure and sea waters has been developed using four experimental data sets of differing accuracies. They cover the range — nm in wavelength, … Expand. Other Conferences. Recent progress is described in the use of Brillouin and Raman scattering for the measurement of temperature and salinity in the ocean. The use of Brillouin scattering is described for the … Expand.

The determination of salinity via NIRA is attractive for two reasons. On one hand, NIRA's stark simplicity little or no sample preparation, 20 s analysis time makes it a desirable technique for … Expand. This is a difficult process because some carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride escape during the evaporation process and corrections must be made for this.

Furthermore, at sea, these methods involving weighing can not be used. So the methods to be applied onboard a ship has to be indirect ones. In the past century, only two major methods have been used in the oceanography for measurement of the seawater samples salinity: chlorinity titration and conductometry.

This method, which known as the Mohr method Mohr, , consists of titrating a sample of seawater with silver nitrate solution of known concentration to the point where all halides chloride plus a small amount of bromide have been precipitated as silver halide, as detected by suitable indicators or electrode systems. A 15ml Knudsen pipette is used to measure the seawater sample into the titration vessel.

This pipette differs from the standard type in that, after filling, the volume of the sample is defined by the rotation of a 3-way stopcock fitted at the upper end. A modification of the Knudsen titration has been suggested by the Grasshoff and Wensk This uses a Metrohm incremental piston burette in place of Knudsen burette; the absence of greased stopcocks from the system is stated to improve markedly the convenience and accuracy of the shipboard analysis.

Potentiometric endpoint determination has been utilized by several workers to enhance the precision of the silver nitrate titration. Reeburgh and Carpenter used a differential electrochemical system for endpoint detection. One of the major drawbacks of manual titration methods lies in the time taken per sample and the operators skill requiered. A semi-automatic method of chlorinity titration has been described Jarner and Aren, which reduces the time per sample to 5min while retining high precision 0.

New and Valenti have also recommended a highly protenacious diet to be given two times a day. New and Singholka have indicated that pH between 7- 8. Table 2. Varghese et al. Malecha has suggested - while Sureshkumar and Kurup have recommended for optimum oviposition and hatching. New and Singholka , observed that a female M.

In contrast, in this experiment the number of eggs spawned ranged between 24, and 34, New and Singholka have indicated that when M. Therefore, prawns used in this experiment cannot be first brooders. Experiment — 2 Water quality parameters were maintained under optimum conditions in Experiment 2 by having a running water system. Continuous aeration was also provided Table 3.

Table 3. Water quality parameters in Experiment 2. Table 4. Caluwe et al. According to the results, a male: female ratio of and a salinity level of ppt provides the optimum conditions for spawning and hatching of M.

Therefore, these results will be important for the mass scale prawn seed production in the country. Moreover, further research is needed in breeding for the development of freshwater prawn culture sector in Sri Lanka. Korkor, A. Lavens, P. Invitro hatching of Macrobrachium rosenbergii eggs: optimisation of environmental parameters. In: Lavens, P. Jaspers, E. Effect of environmental embryonic development on larval development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Ling, S. The Culture of freshwater prawn a review, pp. Commercial seed production of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in Hawaii. In: McVey,J. Freshwater prawn culture, the farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Sureshkumar,S and Kurup,B. Reproductive activity of male morphotypes of Macrobrachium De Man and their performance in broodstock rearing and Larval reproduction.